Aeronautical engineering - structural dynamics and aeroelasticity

Presentation B

Presentations

Group 15 SELF - HEALING MATERIALS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS 1 General definition of self -healing materials Self -healing materials for space applications Space structures degradation and economic losses from collisions with debris Self -healing materials market growth Conclusions 1 2 3 4 5 2 Self - healing materials 1 How much does the material retain its physical properties after healing? ������ = ℎ���������� ������ ����������������������� ������ Classification INTRINSIC No separate healing agents, it is a property of the material itself EXTRINSIC External healing components intentionally embedded into the matrix Definition AUTONOMIC Do not require any additional external trigger Damage itself is the stimulus NON AUTONOMIC Require external trigger e.g., heat, light, chemicals Material that has the ability to repair itself when damaged or broken without the need for human intervention 3 Space structures degradation 3 5 Causes of space structures degradation : • Temperature fluctuations • Radiations (UV and GCR) • High vacuum • Atomic oxygen • Mechanical vibrations • DEBRIS IMPACT No autonomous repair leads to failure of the system 2 2 Considerable economic losses are due to the necessity to replace damaged satellites How much ? How to bypass the problem? 4 1 Results Satellites economic losses from collisions with debris h Methodology 60 years of space activities • More than 6050 launches • 56450 tracked objects in orbit • Only about 4000 are intact today Economi c losses estimation 2 5 Methodology [1]: Kunstadter method ������������ = ෍ ������ � ������������������������� �������= �� ,��� ������ ������ ������,���� [2]: Daehnick et al. method Fundamental assumptions • Satellites, once damaged, are considered as not repairable These techniques consider the costs a satellite operator would incur to replace a lost satellite: 1. Manufacturing cost 2. Launch cost 3. Capitalized interest cost � ������: fraction of the year satellite ������was in orbit ������������: annual collision probability of satellite ������ �������: replacement value of satellite ������ � ������: mass of satellite ������ 2 6 Results 1 3 4 5 Fig 1: Expected losses due to collision by altitude Fig 2: Percentage expected losses attributable to collisions • The expected annual loss represents approximately 0.05% of the estimated value of operational satellites • Over the 70% of expected economic losses due to debris are concentrated in the 600 -900 km orbital band, where most of the commercial satellites are located • The losses for commercial satellites due to debris is almost 1/3 of total expected losses → Debris monitoring and removal are not enough: new strategies are needed to reduce costs! 2 7 Solution? 3 5 Self -healing materials for space applications POLYMERS • Carbon -fiber reinforced with resins • Polyvinyl cyanide • Exploit UV radiations to initiate damage repair METAL ALLOYS • Titanium alloy • Stainless steel • Electropulsing to heal damage 4 What if not every damaged satellite required a complete replacement or direct human intervention? Self -healing materials are able to repair autonomously multiple times when damaged or broken, allowing for longer life -cycle of satellites before substitution 3 8 Self - healing coatings for space applications 3 5 4 3 POLYMERIC HEALING COATING METAL ALLOYS HEALING COATING How ready? Exploit UV radiations to initiate damage repair Electropulsing to heal damage The effectiveness of the proposed self -healing coatings aimed at reducing satellite replacement costs has been proven by many research activities found in literature. Technology TRL stands around level 5. Reduced scale verifications in relevant environment performed. Still room for significant improvements and industrial applications development. 9 3 5 Self - healing materials market growth Fig 1: Market size, by product, 2020 – 2030 (USD m illion ) Fig 2: Share, by application , 2022 (%) How is the self -healing materials market going ? • Global market size in 2022: USD 1.68 billion • Revenue forecast in 2030: USD 9.94 billion • Estimated growth at a CAGR of 24.8 % from 2023 to 2030 • The building & construction segment led the industry in 2022 → innovative self -healing coatings for high tech infrastructures • Space industry has not invested in self -healing materials massively yet ! 4 10 3 5 Conclusions Why should we start investing R&D funds in self -healing materials research for space applications? • The growth of the building & construction segment is remarkably promising : the same coatings could be adapted to space applications • Asia Pacific region dominates the market: There is still a relevant room of improvement for Europe and North America space giants • Increasing number of academic publications along the past years. We are ready to transfer the academic expertise to industry! • TRL=5: We could be the pioneers in space applications Fig 3: Number of accademic publications in the past years Fig 4: Growth rate by region , 2023 - 2028 5 11 Thank you for your attention 12